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<h1>Kindergartners Get Little Time to Play. Here’s Why That’s a Problem</h1>
 <p><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57093/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" width="1"></p>  <p>Being a kindergartner today is very different from being a kindergartner 20 years ago. In fact, it is more like first grade.</p>  <p><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415616358">Researchers</a> have demonstrated that 5-year-olds are spending more time engaged in teacher-led academic learning activities than <a href="http://www.allianceforchildhood.org/sites/allianceforchildhood.org/files/file/kindergarten_report.pdf"> play-based learning opportunities </a> that facilitate child-initiated investigations and foster social development among peers.</p>  <p>As a former kindergarten teacher, a father of three girls who&rsquo;ve recently gone through kindergarten, and as researcher and teacher-educator in early childhood education, I have had kindergarten as a part of my adult life for almost 20 years.</p>  <blockquote>Dramatic play areas&nbsp;have been replaced with teacher-led instructional time.</blockquote>  <p>As a parent, I have seen how student-led projects, sensory tables (that include sand or water) and <a href="http://www.pre-kpages.com/dramaticplay/">dramatic play areas</a> have been replaced with teacher-led instructional time, writing centers and sight words lists that children need to memorize. And as a researcher, I found, along with my colleague <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lori_Lan">Yi Chin Lan</a>, that early childhood teachers <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X14001097"> expect children to have academic knowledge</a>, social skills and the ability to control themselves when they enter kindergarten.</p>  <p>So, why does this matter?</p>  <h4>All work, and almost no play</h4>  <p>First, let&rsquo;s see what kindergarten looks like today.</p>  <p>As part of my research, I have been conducting interviews with a range of kindergarten stakeholders&mdash;children, teachers, parents&mdash;about what they think kindergarten is and what it should be. During the interviews, I share a 23-minute film that I made last spring about a typical day in a public school kindergarten classroom.</p>  <p>The classroom I filmed had 22 kindergartners and one teacher. They were together for almost the entire school day. During that time, they engaged in about 15 different academic activities, which included decoding word drills, practicing sight words, reading to themselves and then to a buddy, counting up to 100 by ones, fives and 10s, practicing simple addition, counting money, completing science activities about living things and writing in journals on multiple occasions. Recess did not occur until last hour of the day, and that lasted about 15 minutes.</p>  <p>For children between 5 and 6, this is a tremendous amount of work. Teachers too are under pressure to cover the material.</p>  <p>When I interviewed the teacher for the short film, I asked why she covered so much material in a few hours, she said, <span>&ldquo;</span>There&rsquo;s pressure on me and the kids to perform at a higher level academically.<span>&rdquo;</span></p>  <p>So even though the teacher admitted that the workload on kindergartners was an awful lot, she also said she was unable to do anything to change it.</p>  <p>She was required to assess her students continually, not only for her own instruction, but also for multiple assessments such as quarterly report cards, school-based reading assessments, district-based literacy and math assessments, as well as state-mandated literacy assessments.</p>  <p>In turn, when I asked the kindergartners what they were learning, their replies reflected two things: one, they were learning to follow rules; two, learning was for the sake of getting to the next grade and eventually to find a job. Almost all of them said to me that they wanted more time to play.</p>  <p>One boy said, <span>&ldquo;</span>I wish we had more recess.<span>&rdquo;</span></p>  <p>These findings mirror the findings of researchers <a href="http://curry.virginia.edu/research/centers/cepwc/cepwc-profile-daphna-bassok"> Daphna Bassok</a>, <a href="http://curry.virginia.edu/research/centers/cepwc/students-at-the-center-on-education-policy-and-workforce-competitiveness"> Scott Latham </a> and <a href="http://batten.virginia.edu/school/news/mpp-alumna-annie-rorem-named-top-thinker-under-30"> Anna Rorem </a> that kindergarten now focuses on <a href="http://ero.sagepub.com/content/2/1/2332858415616358"> literacy and math instruction</a>. They also <a href="https://acei.org/research-round-up/volume-26-no-3/why-should-pre-k-be-more-like-elementary-school-a-case-study-of-pre"> echo the statements </a> of other kindergarten teachers that kids are being prepared for high-stakes tests as early as kindergarten.</p>  <h4>Here&rsquo;s how play helps children</h4>  <p>Research has consistently shown classrooms that offer children the opportunities to engage in play-based and child-centered learning activities&nbsp;<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2011.637182">help children</a> <a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03004430500207021">grow academically</a>, <a href="http://www.du.edu/marsicoinstitute/pressroom/6-1-article-play-and-self-regulation.pdf"> socially </a> <a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2011.593028">and</a> <a href="http://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed0703_2">emotionally</a>. Furthermore, recess in particular helps children <a href="http://doi.org/10.3102/00346543063001051"> restore their attention </a> for learning in the classroom.</p>  <blockquote>Recess in particular helps children&nbsp;restore their attention<a href="http://doi.org/10.3102/00346543063001051">&nbsp;</a>for learning in the classroom.</blockquote>  <p>Focus on rules can diminish children&rsquo;s <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.84.2.y46vh546h41l2144"> willingness to take academic risks </a> and <a href="http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/feb13/vol70/num05/The-Case-for-Curiosity.aspx"> curiosity </a> as well as impede their self-confidence and <a href="http://eds632.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/2/2/3022207/eds_632_nclb_preschool_article.pdf"> motivation as learners</a>&mdash;all of which can <a href="https://heckman.uchicago.edu/sites/heckman2013.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Heckman_2010_Effective%20Child%20Develt%20Strategies.pdf"> negatively affect their performance </a> in school and in later life.</p>  <p>Giving children a chance to play and engage in hands-on learning activities helps them internalize new information as well as compare and contrast what they&rsquo;re learning with what they already know. It also provides them with the chance to interact with their peers in a more natural setting and to solve problems on their own. Lastly, it allows kindergartners <a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9853/how-people-learn-brain-mind-experience-and-school-expanded-edition"> to make sense of their emotional experiences </a> in and out of school.</p>  <p>So children asking for more time to play are not trying to get out of work. They know they have to work in school. Rather, they&rsquo;re <a href="http://doi.org/10.3102/00346543063001051"> asking for a chance to recharge </a> as well as be themselves.</p>  <p>As another kindergarten boy in my study told me, &ldquo;We learn about stuff we need to learn, because if we don&rsquo;t learn stuff, then we don&rsquo;t know anything.&rdquo;</p>  <h4>Learning by exploring</h4>  <p>So what can we do to help kindergartners?</p>  <p>I am not advocating for the elimination of academics in kindergarten. All of the stakeholders I&rsquo;ve talked with up to this point, even the children, know and recognize that kindergartners need to learn academic skills so that they can succeed in school.</p>  <p>However, free exploration is missing. As a kindergarten teacher I filmed noted, &ldquo;Free and exploratory learning has been replaced with sit, focus, learn, get it done and maybe you can have time to play later.&rdquo;</p>  <p>Policymakers, schools systems and schools need to recognize that the standards and tests they mandate have <a href="http://www.journalofplay.org/sites/www.journalofplay.org/files/pdf-articles/7-3-article-more-play-please.pdf"> altered the kindergarten classroom </a>significantly. Families need to be more proactive as well. They can help their children&rsquo;s teachers by <a href="http://www.naeyc.org/yc/article/academic-rigor-in-dap"> being their advocates </a> for a more balanced approach to instruction.</p>  <p>Kindergartners deserve learning experiences in school that nurtures their development as well as their desire to learn and interact with others. Doing so will assist them see school as a place that will help them and their friends be better people.</p>  <p><span><em>This article was originally published by&nbsp;<a href="http://theconversation.com/kindergartners-get-little-time-to-play-why-does-it-matter-57093" target="_self" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Conversation.</a> It has been edited for YES! Magazine.</em></span></p>
<p>This article originally appeared in <a href="https://www.yesmagazine.org">Yes! Magazine</a> at <a href="https://www.yesmagazine.org/health-happiness/2017/09/11/kindergartners-get-little-time-to-play-heres-why-thats-a-problem">https://www.yesmagazine.org/health-happiness/2017/09/11/kindergartners-get-little-time-to-play-heres-why-thats-a-problem</a>.</p><link href="https://www.yesmagazine.org/health-happiness/2017/09/11/kindergartners-get-little-time-to-play-heres-why-thats-a-problem" rel="canonical"/><p>Yes! Magazine is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of ... . Learn more at <a href="https://www.yesmagazine.org">Yes! Magazine</a></p><img id="republication-tracker-tool-source" src="https://www.yesmagazine.org/?republication-pixel=true&post=11781&ga4=G-74QJNNY44Z" style="width:1px;height:1px;">

Kindergartners Get Little Time to Play. Here’s Why That’s a Problem
   Being a kindergartner today is very different from being a kindergartner 20 years ago. In fact, it is more like first grade.  Researchers have demonstrated that 5-year-olds are spending more time engaged in teacher-led academic learning activities than  play-based learning opportunities  that facilitate child-initiated investigations and foster social development among peers.  As a former kindergarten teacher, a father of three girls who’ve recently gone through kindergarten, and as researcher and teacher-educator in early childhood education, I have had kindergarten as a part of my adult life for almost 20 years.  Dramatic play areas have been replaced with teacher-led instructional time.  As a parent, I have seen how student-led projects, sensory tables (that include sand or water) and dramatic play areas have been replaced with teacher-led instructional time, writing centers and sight words lists that children need to memorize. And as a researcher, I found, along with my colleague Yi Chin Lan, that early childhood teachers  expect children to have academic knowledge, social skills and the ability to control themselves when they enter kindergarten.  So, why does this matter?  All work, and almost no play  First, let’s see what kindergarten looks like today.  As part of my research, I have been conducting interviews with a range of kindergarten stakeholders—children, teachers, parents—about what they think kindergarten is and what it should be. During the interviews, I share a 23-minute film that I made last spring about a typical day in a public school kindergarten classroom.  The classroom I filmed had 22 kindergartners and one teacher. They were together for almost the entire school day. During that time, they engaged in about 15 different academic activities, which included decoding word drills, practicing sight words, reading to themselves and then to a buddy, counting up to 100 by ones, fives and 10s, practicing simple addition, counting money, completing science activities about living things and writing in journals on multiple occasions. Recess did not occur until last hour of the day, and that lasted about 15 minutes.  For children between 5 and 6, this is a tremendous amount of work. Teachers too are under pressure to cover the material.  When I interviewed the teacher for the short film, I asked why she covered so much material in a few hours, she said, “There’s pressure on me and the kids to perform at a higher level academically.”  So even though the teacher admitted that the workload on kindergartners was an awful lot, she also said she was unable to do anything to change it.  She was required to assess her students continually, not only for her own instruction, but also for multiple assessments such as quarterly report cards, school-based reading assessments, district-based literacy and math assessments, as well as state-mandated literacy assessments.  In turn, when I asked the kindergartners what they were learning, their replies reflected two things: one, they were learning to follow rules; two, learning was for the sake of getting to the next grade and eventually to find a job. Almost all of them said to me that they wanted more time to play.  One boy said, “I wish we had more recess.”  These findings mirror the findings of researchers  Daphna Bassok,  Scott Latham  and  Anna Rorem  that kindergarten now focuses on  literacy and math instruction. They also  echo the statements  of other kindergarten teachers that kids are being prepared for high-stakes tests as early as kindergarten.  Here’s how play helps children  Research has consistently shown classrooms that offer children the opportunities to engage in play-based and child-centered learning activities help children grow academically,  socially  and emotionally. Furthermore, recess in particular helps children  restore their attention  for learning in the classroom.  Recess in particular helps children restore their attention for learning in the classroom.  Focus on rules can diminish children’s  willingness to take academic risks  and  curiosity  as well as impede their self-confidence and  motivation as learners—all of which can  negatively affect their performance  in school and in later life.  Giving children a chance to play and engage in hands-on learning activities helps them internalize new information as well as compare and contrast what they’re learning with what they already know. It also provides them with the chance to interact with their peers in a more natural setting and to solve problems on their own. Lastly, it allows kindergartners  to make sense of their emotional experiences  in and out of school.  So children asking for more time to play are not trying to get out of work. They know they have to work in school. Rather, they’re  asking for a chance to recharge  as well as be themselves.  As another kindergarten boy in my study told me, “We learn about stuff we need to learn, because if we don’t learn stuff, then we don’t know anything.”  Learning by exploring  So what can we do to help kindergartners?  I am not advocating for the elimination of academics in kindergarten. All of the stakeholders I’ve talked with up to this point, even the children, know and recognize that kindergartners need to learn academic skills so that they can succeed in school.  However, free exploration is missing. As a kindergarten teacher I filmed noted, “Free and exploratory learning has been replaced with sit, focus, learn, get it done and maybe you can have time to play later.”  Policymakers, schools systems and schools need to recognize that the standards and tests they mandate have  altered the kindergarten classroom significantly. Families need to be more proactive as well. They can help their children’s teachers by  being their advocates  for a more balanced approach to instruction.  Kindergartners deserve learning experiences in school that nurtures their development as well as their desire to learn and interact with others. Doing so will assist them see school as a place that will help them and their friends be better people.  This article was originally published by The Conversation. It has been edited for YES! Magazine.

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